10 Best Man Made Materials
God’s greatest masterpiece of creation is Man ; he can make or mar according as he wishes.God endowed with all those qualities which are essential for greatness.If he puts his whole heart into his work and makes the best use of his talents , he can do anything to make his life more beautiful and worthy of living.
Man have developed a wide range of artificial materials over the centuries .Here are some Man-made materials we used in our day-to-day life.
1.Paper
Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.Paper is most commonly used for writing and printing , it is also widely used as a packaging
material, in many cleaning products, in a number of industrial and construction processes.
The Egyptians were making rough paper from the pitch of papyus reed as early as 3500BC. Paper, and the pulp papermaking process, was said to be developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D.The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading production and the United States behind it.
2.Glass
Glass is made from silica sand, fused by heating , with chemicals(such as lead , potassium,soda) added for particular qualities. it was discovered around 3000 BC in the Middle East. Glasses are
typically brittle and can be optically transparent. One of its primary
uses is as a building material, traditionally as small panes set into
window openings in walls, but in the 20th-century often as the major
cladding material of many large buildings.It
has been traditionally used for vessels: bowls, vases, bottles, jars and glasses.
Plate Glass was produced from the 17th century by pouring molten glass on to the iron table. It was invented by british glass maker Alastair Pilkington in 1952. Fiberglass made by drawing molten glass into filaments was first demonstrated by US glassmaker Edward Libbyin 1893.
3.Rubber
Natural rubber, the latex of several South American tree species , was known to the Aztecs in 6th centrury.It was also called India rubber or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of suitable polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds plus water. It was named 'Rubber' by British scientist Jospeph Priestleyin 1770.
Natural rubber is used
extensively in many applications and products, either alone or in
combination with other materials. In most of its useful forms, it has a
large stretch ratio, high resilience, and is extremely waterproof.
4.Cloth
Fabric or material formed by weaving, knitting, pressing, or felting natural or synthetic fibers.Historically,clothing has been made from many materials. These
materials range from grasses to furs to much more elaborate and exotic
materials. Some cultures, such as the various people of the Arctic
Circle, until recently, made their clothing entirely of prepared and
decorated furs and skins. Other cultures have supplemented and replaced
leather and skins with cloth.
Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing
solutions to environmental hazards and the distinction between clothing
and other protective equipment is not always clear-cut; examples include
space suit, air conditioned clothing,diving suit, swimsuit,high-visibility clothing, and protective clothing in general.
5.Plastics
The Most important type of plastic include the thermoplastics which soften when warmed (For example plystyene, polythene and PVC);thermosets,which remain hard once set(such as Bakelite,epoxy resins and polyurethane); ployamides, used for producing sheets, flims or fibers and silicones , which are chemically inert and are used in insulation and plastic surgery.
6.Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron, with carbon
being the primary alloying element. The carbon content of steel is
between 0.002% and 2.1% by weight. Too little carbon content leaves
(pure) iron quite soft, ductile, and weak. Carbon contents higher than
those of steel make an alloy commonly called pig iron that is brittle and not malleable.
Alloy steel is steel to which additional alloying elements
have been intentionally added to modify the characteristics of steel.
Common alloying elements include: manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, boron, titanium, vanadium, and niobium.Steel are used widely in the construction of roads, railways other infrastructure applications , appliances, and buildings.
7.Fiber
Man-made fibers or chemical fibers are fibers whose chemical
composition, structure, and properties are significantly modified during the
manufacturing process. Regenerated
fibers are manufactured from natural sources, including modal,
and Lyocell.Synthetic come entirely from synthetic materials such as
petrochemicals, unlike those man-made fibres derived from such natural
substances as cellulose or protein.
Their principal end-use is in clothing,
carpets, household textiles and a wide range of technical products - tyres,
conveyor belts, fillings for sleeping bagsand cold-weather clothing, filters
for improving the quality of air and water in the environment, fire-resistant
materials, reinforcement in composites used for advanced aircraft production,
and much else.
8.Aluminium
Aluminium (or aluminum) is a light weight metal that does not tarnish.It was discovered by the British chmist Humphry Davy in 1807, and first produced by Danish physicist Hans Oersted in 1827.
Aluminium is remarkable for the metal's low density and for its ability to resist corrosion due to the phenomenon of passivation. Structural components made from aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and are important in other areas of transportation and structural materials.
Aluminium is well tolerated by plants and animals.Owing to their prevalence, potential beneficial (or otherwise)
biological roles of aluminium compounds are of continuing interest.9.Acrylic Paint
10.Adhesive
An adhesive is any substance that, when applied to the surfaces of materials, binds the surfaces together and resists separation.The term "adhesive" may be used interchangeably with glue, cement, mucilage, or paste.Adjectives may be used in conjunction with the word “adhesive” to
describe properties based on the substance's physical form, its chemical
form, the type of materials it is used to join, or the conditions under
which it is applied.
The use of adhesives offers many advantages over other binding techniques such as sewing, welding,
bolting, screwing, etc.
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